ct sinus landmark protocol ct sinus landmark protocol

612 0 0 -792 0 792 cm To use the navigation system, a computer tomography (CT) scan of the sinuses or the skull base of the patient is performed using a specific navigation protocol (in some cases the CT scan is saved into a DICOM format). There is always a slight chance of cancer from excessive exposure to radiation. Learn how we can help 5.8k views Reviewed >2 years ago Thank Dr. Mazen Ghani agrees 4 thanks ]$"D o]\\o:w2qP?O^aAvv]{@o#F 70482- CT Orbits with and without contrast 4. Intra-Operative Use of Computer Aided Surgery, Sinus Surgery and Transnasal Skull Base Surgery, Otology, Neurotology, and Lateral Skull Base Surgery, Electromagnetic Compatibility for Cardiac Devices, California Transparency in Supply Chains Act, Information About Proposition 65 for California Customers, Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) Notification, Distorted sinus anatomy of development, postoperative, or traumatic origin, Pathology involving the frontal, posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, Disease abutting the skull base, orbit, optic nerve, or carotid artery, Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea or conditions where there is a skull base defect, Benign and malignant sino-nasal neoplasms, Scanning and registration protocols that enable accuracy, StealthMerge ENT software that fuses different imaging modalities (CT, MRI) togetherfor improved visualization, Instruments that are designed and calibrated for use in image-guided surgery. Eight glasses of my browser if the lens and symptoms. In this article we will discuss: Basics of contrast enhancement. If contrast material is required, a nurse or technologistwill insert an intravenous(IV) line into a small vein in the patient's hand or arm. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. In many protocols a standard dose is given related to the weight of the patient: Weight < 75kg : 100cc. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. In the rare cases of serious complications from sinusitis, such as orbital or intracranial spread of infection, subspecialist referral is prudent. Nasal examination revealed swollen turbinates bilaterally and obvious nasal polyps with surrounding purulent discharge. Our studies are done in the axial plane and reconstructed in the coronal and sagittal planes. When you look at a CT scan, bone should be whitish, the air around your head and in the sinuses should be black, and soft tissue is a greyish color. Some CT exams will require you to remove hearing aids and removable dental work. A: Stereotactic computer assisted navigation (SCAN), also known as image guidance, is typically used by otolaryngologist - head and neck surgeons when performing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and skull base approaches. xQ_GMBfhf=9uv:'n-bL'7>|_>%QQw? 2017;50(3):617-632. Sinusitis is one of the most common conditions encountered by primary care physicians, accounting for approximately 25 million office visits annually1 and costing more than $2 billion annually in direct medical expenses.2,3 According to the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, sinusitis is the fifth most common medical diagnosis for which antibiotics are prescribed.4,5. This unit has both electromagnetic and optical capabilities. Diagnostic imaging is generally used in cases of recurrent or complicated sinus disease. Procedure Report: Frontal sinuses are well developed and exhibit no mucoperiosteal thickening. Although air-fluid levels and complete opacification of a sinus are more specific for sinusitis, they are only seen in 60 percent of cases. However in chronic rhinosinusitis, the lining will be thickened and the sinuses are outlined by grey soft . It may also see if there has been any change in an issue over time. Managing Editors: Sarah Elliott, Kay Klein, Claire Davis Otolaryngol Clin North Am. Usually done without contrast. Outside links: For the convenience of our users, RadiologyInfo.org provides links to relevant websites. Safety in X-ray, Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Procedures, Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer, evaluate sinuses that are filled with fluid or thickened sinus. University of Iowa 70486- CT Maxillofacial without contrast The data were displayed at soft-tissue (450 H, 50 H), bone (4000 H, 1100 H), and intermediate (2500 H, 250 H) Web page review process: This Web page is reviewed regularly by a physician with expertise in the medical area presented and is further reviewed by committees from the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and the American College of Radiology (ACR), comprising physicians with expertise in several radiologic areas. If the exam uses iodinated contrast material, your doctor will screen you for chronic or acute kidney disease. Any of these conditions may increase the risk of an adverse effect. A major advantage of CT is its ability to image bone, soft tissue, and blood vessels all at the same time. The patient may also be positioned face-down with the chin elevated. The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were examined independently in a blinded fashion by four staff neuroradiologists and a staff otolaryngologist with special attention to 10 anatomic landmarks within the ostiomeatal unit that are considered important for preoperative planning. With an updated browser, you will have a better Medtronic website experience. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ endstream You will lie on a narrow table that slides in and out of this short tunnel. 2006 Apr;116(4):564-72. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ /Matrix [1 0 0 -1 0 792] Acute Stroke - Brain. 150 to 400 HU). `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ 2013;3(3):236-241. Metal objects, including jewelry, eyeglasses, dentures, and hairpins, may affect the CT images. You will be alone in the exam room during the CT scan, unless there are special circumstances. Air appears black. This is accomplished through: Benefits of image-guided navigated surgery include improvements in visualization, enabling surgeons to work within complex sinus anatomy and optimize surgical strategies for their patients.5-9. ENT Navigation Solutions All anatomic landmarks were found to be well defined in all three groups, with the exception of the ethmoid foramen (for identification of the ethmoid artery), which was indistinct or . A radiologist, a doctor specially trained to supervise and interpret radiology exams, will analyze the images. He had a slight right cheek swelling visible externally. To help answer those questions we have put together our protocols that we thought might prove useful. FIND RELIEF. Department of Otolaryngology The surgeon should ensure the desired patient, date of study, and anatomical location are obtained. This imaging review will illustrate the normal anatomy of the olfactory system and . Mucoceles are usually round hypodense lesions in CT scan commonly associated with sinus wall expansion and erosion (8, 16,18) . All Rights Reserved. <> For children, the radiologist will adjust the CT scanner technique to their size and the area of interest to reduce the radiation dose. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ . /XObject <>>> no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose. Gantry Tilt: 15 to 20 degrees angulation of the gantry to the canthomeatal line or tilting the patient's chin toward the chest ("tucked" position). <> stream A motor turns the ring so that the x-ray tube and x-ray detectors revolve around the body during the scan. Accessed November 17, 2009. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. There was no seasonal variation to his symptoms, and allergy testing was negative. These scans enable surgeons to identify the presence/absence of disease as well as the extent of disease and potential pitfalls if surgery is deemed necessary. The CT images and direct views from the endoscope are visualized throughout the procedure. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ The quality of the CT or CBCT scan is the most important aspect of creating Bone window views provide excellent resolution and a good definition of the complete osteomeatal complex and other anatomic details that. We hope you find this useful and would appreciate any comments or suggestions that you might have. Masterson L, et al. Advances in diagnostic imaging techniques (e.g., computed tomographic [CT] scan and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) have enhanced the understanding and management of sinusitis. NB: This article aims to frame a general concept of a CT protocol for the assessment of the paranasal sinuses. Added together to the attachment of sinusitis, and told them they are logged in the icrp. NB: This article aims to frame a general concept of a CT protocol for the assessment of the paranasal sinuses. Image 4: The electromagnetic field generator (EMG) is generally stored with the brace and bracket (shown in fig. Image 2: AxiEM system power box with power cord and base unit cords attached. Next-Generation Surgical Navigation Systems in Sinus and Skull Base Surgery. Storz fiberoptic light cable, 3.5 mm x 230 cm. Persistent or progressive symptoms after maximal medical therapy, in combination with CT evidence of paranasal sinus disease, should prompt referral. SINUSES AND ORBITS CT FLANK FOR STONES 70486, 70450 CT Sinus and Head w/o contrast 74150, 72192 CT Abdomen and Pelvis w/o contrast 70486 CT . The doctor may administer contrast material intravenously (by vein), so you will feel a pin prick when the nurse inserts the needle into your vein. Helical Position/Landmark: 2-3 cm (20-30 mm) above the vertex. How the Test is Performed. Ear, Nose & Throat The University of Iowa does not recommend or endorse any specific tests, physicians, products, procedures, opinions, or other information that may be mentioned on this web site. If you suffer from chronic sinusitis, hearing loss, or ear infections, your ENT may order a CT scan of the sinuses or temporal bones to visualize the area and obtain the information necessary to create a comprehensive and effective treatment plan. Use of CT is typically reserved for difficult cases or to define anatomy prior to sinus surgery. A sinus ct looks at the bone and soft tissue of the several facial sinus cavities. He received multiple courses of oral antibiotics, nasal steroids, and decongestants, with only temporary relief. A computed tomography scan (CT or CAT) of your sinuses uses X-ray technology and advanced computer analysis to create detailed pictures of the sinus. Women should always tell their doctor and x-ray or CT technologist if there is any chance they are pregnant. Risk factors for complicated infections include prolonged tobacco use and chronic occupational exposure to wood dust, nickel, or chrome pigment. A typical CT of the paranasal sinus may be as follows: Typical indications include the following: The purpose of a CT scan of the paranasal sinuses is to visualize the possible presence of inflammatory or newly formed tissue in the context of the paranasal cavities. There are four pairs of sinuses, each connected to the nasal cavity by small openings. The CT protocol itself is based on certain technical parameters, and the patient wouldn't notice any difference between Stealth CT protocol and standard CT protocol. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ It's also the most reliable imaging technique for determining if the sinuses are obstructed and the best imaging modality for sinusitis. Note: we are unable to answer specific questions or offer individual medical advice or opinions. The CT scans (Figure 1, part A and C) revealed bilateral pansinusitis with evidence of polyposis. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Nearly all CT scanners can obtain multiple slices in a single rotation. However. The IGS serves as a useful tool in assisting with difficult areas, but the system itself is inherent to built in and user error. The hand denotes child-specific content. These critical variants and landmarks can be quickly recalled and incorporated into the preoperative imaging report through the use of the mnemonic "CLOSE . The system displays the images on a computer monitor. It's also the most reliable imaging technique for . Jewelry and ct sinus protocol without being aware of the normal. 4 0 obj Plain radiography has a limited role in the management of sinusitis. The CT paranasal sinus protocol serves as an examination for the assessment of the study of the mucosa and bone system of the sinonasal cavities. Some patients require an injection of a contrast materialto enhance the visibility of certain tissues or blood vessels. Surgeon and OR staff ensure the appropriate equipment are available and present in or near the OR room prior to transport of the patient to the OR. The IGS equipment requires positioning of a registration unit on the patient. Plain radiography has a limited role in the management of sinusitis. An intranasal biopsy revealed an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses. Protocol specifics will vary depending on CT scanner type, specific hardware and software, radiologist and perhaps referrer preference, and patient factors, e.g. The American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) endorses the use of image-guided surgery for procedures including4: Medtronic offers powered and manual instruments that are specially designed for a broad variety of FESS procedures. <> stream Weight > 90kg : 150cc. CT because of the universal sinus CT protocol, total saving was estimated as $142,162, which translated to $147,628 when adjusted for inflation. NB: This article aims to frame a general concept of a CT protocol for the assessment of the paranasal sinuses. They should not have repeated CT exams unless necessary. Figure 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D shows the steps of the FESS technique. endstream J Laryngol Otol. RadiologyInfo.org is not a medical facility. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Indications These special procedures are indicated for specific treatment planning. You can return to your normal activities immediately. The study involved 60 patients aged 15-67 years whose paranasal sinuses were imaged with this modality using one of three different low-dose CT-scan protocols. For some systems, a special mask or markers are placed on the patient's face during the scan to serve as reference points. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ With few exceptions, neck CT should be performed with intravenous contrast material . Intra-Operative Use of Computer Aided Surgery. 2015;5(8):761-763, Bernardeschi D, et al. 2013; 149(1):17-29. CT of the sinuses is now widely available and is performed in a relatively short time, especially when compared to. For FESS, this is generally placed on the patients mid-forehead. Web Privacy Policy | Nondiscrimination Statement. 256 Slice CT - Updated 01-25-2022 Sinus: R/O Mass. When you enter the CT scanner, you may see special light lines projected onto your body. Examples of appropriate cases listed by the academy include, but at not limited to: Distorted sinus anatomy of development, postoperative or traumatic origin, Extensive sinonasal polyposis: pathology involving the frontal, posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, Disease abutting the skull base, orbit, optic nerve or carotid artery, CSF rhinorrhea or conditions where there is a confirmed or suspected skull base defect. Patient undergoing computed tomography (CT) scan. Medtronic Operational Headquarters 710 Medtronic Parkway Minneapolis, MN 55432-5640 USA, Central/Eastern Europe, Middle East & Africa, Electromagnetic Compatibility Guide for Cardiac Devices, American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS), American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS). Multidetector CT reduces the amount of time that the patient needs to lie still. The anatomy will certainly change with the progression of the procedure. Referral will occasionally be needed in unusual or complicated cases. This unit has a variety of software packages available for Neurosurgery, Spine and Orthopedic procedures among others. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Tell your doctor if there's a possibility you are pregnant and discuss any recent illnesses, medical conditions, medications you're taking, and allergies. MRI scans take considerably longer to accomplish than CT scans and may be difficult to obtain in patients who are claustrophobic. The paranasal sinuses are hollow, air-filled spaces located within the bones of the face and surrounding the nasal cavity, a system of air channels connecting the nose with the back of the throat. This website does not provide cost information. Findings on CT scan should be interpreted in conjunction with clinical and endoscopic findings because of high rates of false-positive findings. These medications must be taken 12 hours prior to your exam. Ct head protocols 1. . Any motion, including breathing and body movements, can lead to artifactson the images. You may feel a need to urinate. The most common reason referral for sub-specialty care is considered is failure of medical management for chronic or recurrent sinusitis. 21151 Pomerantz Family Pavilion If you are having sinusitis symptoms that don't respond to medication, contact CT Sinus Center at (203) 574-5997 for further workup to see if endoscopic sinus surgery is right for you. If a Stealth protocol CT cannot be obtained, a normal sinus CT can be utilized but may not provide the same level of accuracy. It is usually performed as a non-contrast study. He underwent transfacial and endoscopic resection of the mass with postoperative radiation therapy. The University of Iowa appreciates that supporting benefactors recognize the University of Iowa's need for autonomy in the development of the content of the Iowa Head and Neck Protocols. His ears were clear bilaterally. You may feel warm or flushed as the contrast is injected. Image-Guided Surgery Products However, the most recent American College of Radiology (ACR) Manual on Contrast Media reports that studies show the amount of contrast absorbed by the infant during breastfeeding is extremely low. CT of the sinuses can help plan the safest and most effective surgery. Unlike MRI, an implanted medical device of any kind will not prevent you from having a CT scan. With CT scanning, several x-ray beams and electronic x-ray detectors rotate around you. Surgical 3D Head. 70481- CT Orbits with contrast 3. Or, they may be over the weight limitusually 450 poundsfor the moving table. What is CT (Computed Tomography) of the Sinuses? landmark ge ombl siemens breathing scouts ap and lateral parameter scan start below mandible end above frontal sinuses dfov 18 prep group ge siemens indication trauma / face pain oral prep scan 1. non-contrast recon 0.625mm or 1.25mm axial recon - bone algorithm 1.25mm axial recon - standard algorithm o Coronal scans from anterior maxilla to sella. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ The CT images are then processed and then downloaded onto the computer where all 3 sinus views are displayed simultaneously on a monitor in the operating room along with the endoscopic view. The use of image-guided surgery in endoscopic sinus surgery: an evidence-based review with recommendations. It is used occasionally in cases of suspected tumors or fungal sinusitis.1719 Otherwise, MRI has no advantages over CT scanning in the evaluation of sinusitis. Interpreting findings seen at CT of the neck is challenging owing to the complex and nuanced anatomy of the neck, which contains multiple organ systems in a relatively small area. <> Read More Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Optimal contrast enhancement is important for a succesful diagnostic CT-scan. Image 5: The power station is secured to the bed with the EMG cord plugged in (shown here), along with the power cord and base unit connection cords (see fig. To help ensure current and accurate information, we do not permit copying but encourage linking to this site. From May 2019 to December 2019, a total of 115 CT scans were selected for analysis, of which 47 were standard protocols CT scans and 68 were 3D navigation protocols CT scans. CT scans in children should always be done with low-dose technique. These measure the amount of radiation being absorbed throughout your body. Indenting and outdenting in richtext should work as well. The MRI showed extension of the neoplasm into the medial anterior maxilla and septum (Figure 4). Although mucosal thickening is seen in more than 90 percent of sinusitis cases, it is very nonspecific.68 Air-fluid levels and complete opacification are more specific for sinusitis but are seen in only 60 percent of sinusitis cases.6 Interpretation of plain radiographs can vary widely among different observers, and there is a high rate of false-negative results.2,9, Radiographs of the sinuses in infants aged three years or younger are not useful because of false opacification from undeveloped sinuses.10 Other important limitations of plain radiographs include poor visualization of ethmoid air spaces and difficulty differentiating between infection, tumor, and polyp in an opacified sinus.2, Because clinical judgment is sufficient to diagnose sinusitis in a majority of cases, and empiric treatments are inexpensive and safe, only a small percentage of patients who develop recurrent or complicated sinusitis are candidates for imaging studies. CT exams are fast and simple. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ 2014;82(6 Suppl):S95-105. A CT of the sinus can help your physician to assess any injury, infection or other abnormalities. Tell your doctor about all medications you are taking and if you have any allergies. Patient Position: Supine. RadiologyInfo.org, RSNA and ACR are not responsible for the content contained on the web pages found at these links. CT Landmark Sinus without IV Contrast 70486 Pre-Surgical Scan- Sinus . 2. American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS). Angle NO gantr y angle Thus, it should be utilized as the adjunct and should not be viewed as a substitute for surgical knowledge and anatomical familiarity with the surgical region. Contrast agents may be injected before scanning Contiguous, non-overlapping slices Constant slice thickness Axial slices `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ When the ENT doctor orders a Landmark and 3D we will bill 76377 (3D) and 77011 (Landmarks). Having reliable and of ct sinus ct scan images below, the bowel surgery, but clear liquid after. Each IGS instrument should be registered and evaluated prior to utilization. The radiation dose for this procedure varies. Institutions have their bloodsupply by clicking and of bone. No radiation remains in a patient's body after a CT exam. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ He continued his nasal steroids and systemic decongestants, and began nasal saline irrigations (recipe: 1 quart water, 2 teaspoons salt, 1 teaspoon baking soda). Head and Neck Imaging - 2 Volume Set. 2). The preferred initial procedure is a coronal CT image (13). What are the limitations of CT of the Sinuses? With modern CT scanners, you may hear slight buzzing, clicking and whirring sounds. CT of the brain with Lorenz protocol. The patient is a 37-year-old man who smokes. Creates 3-D imaging models for surgical procedures. The endoscopic view obtained of the surgical field and positioned instrumentation should be the primary focus while performing the surgery. A diagnosis via CT scan may eliminate the need for exploratory surgery and surgical biopsy. . Which test, procedure or treatment is best for me? 2012;126(12):1224-1230. The technologist will be able to hear and talk to you using a speaker and microphone. Recognition and utilization of surgical landmarks is imperative for the surgeon. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ CT contrast injection and protocols. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Stealth 7 (S7): Utilized in the main OR at UIHC. Because of the progression of his headaches, a maxillofacial and head CT scan was obtained, revealing acute sinusitis with frontal epidural abscess (Figure 2). He appeared healthy on examination and had hyponasal speech. A person viewing it online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference. Treon Plus: Infrared light based unit currently utilized at the VA in Iowa City. The patient is a 45-year-old healthy white man with longstanding right-sided nasal obstruction associated with postnasal discharge and cheek pressure. Uncomplicated sinusitis does not require radiologic imagery. Noncontrast coronal computed tomographic (CT) images can define the nasal anatomy much more precisely. 256 Slice CT - Updated 01-25-2022 Sinus: Head Boney Sinus (Flash Spiral) 256 Slice CT - Updated 01-25-2022 Sinus: Landmarx Sinus. Image-guided navigation systems used in endoscopic sinus surgery have shown a reduction in the need for revision surgeries. Start Location: 1 cm inferior to Skull base. Our understanding and management of paranasal sinus infections have improved since the introduction of nasal endoscopy, CT scans, and MRI. Nonetheless, mucocele may have a similar appearance to other benign . Ent and is a sinus medtronic protocol to successfully apply this without contrast. Surgical Navigation at UIHC is currently achieved with Medtronic Fusion IGS (Image Guided Surgery) system. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ His nasal symptoms improved after he started taking decongestants and antibiotics, but a persistent headache prompted a visit back to his family physician. }K?~_fTP~z~}]_[{>>O{>;1*m7o|[v7?o\?z^1R_'mTz|||xxoo_^~wQQoWn__?7*_:eH!Qvt!QvS3feeH&SsZD_D!QvJUDS3fef2$NM^e .CSSeH1(;,C6eH2$N2$Nw&S2$NeH1(;5c!Qvn(;NpeeH:]eH,CYD=fe,C!Qv!Qvj3eHR!Qvj,CYDSwWDu(;/C*C5fef2$N1(;Mde&SS .CS3fef2$NeH2$N\D)~eNWe1(;5c!QvjYDm"(;57eH:eHZLpeTeH1(;5c!Qvj,C!Qvj2$N(;u(;uYDS{2$NmYDI-C/Czg(;*CYDS3fe&S!Qv_DUDk2$NeHc!Qvj2$NMje|e;\D)Uef2$NeH1(;u7yeHZ'S2$N2$N]c!Qvj,CSD!QvjnR(;u(;2$N(;5c!Qvj,CYD+C:eH!Qvt!QvS3feeH&SsZD_D!QvJUDS3fef2$NM^e .CSSeH1(;,C6eH2$N2$Nw&S2$NeH1(;5c!Qvn(;NpeeH:]eH,CYD=fe,C!Qv!Qvj3eHR!Qvj,CYDSwWDu(;/C*C5fef2$N1(;Mde&SS .CS3fef2$NeH2$N\D)~eNWe1(;5c!QvjYDm"(;57eH:eHZLpeTeH1(;5c!Qvj,C!Qvj2$N(;u(;uYDS{2$NmYDI-C/Czg(;*CYDS3fe&S!Qv_DUDk2$NeHc!Qvj2$NMje|e;\D)Uef2$NeH1(;u7yeHZ'S2$N2$N]c!Qvj,CSD!QvjnR(;u(;2$N(;5c!Qvj,CYD+C:eH!Qvt!QvS3feeH&SsZD_D!QvJUDS3fef2$NM^e .CSSeH1(;,C6eH2$N2$Nw&S2$NeH1(;5c!Qvn(;NpeeH:]eH,CYD=fe,C!Qv!Qvj3eHR!Qvj,CYDSwWDu(;/C*C5fef2$N1(;Mde&SS .CS3fef2$NeH2$N\D)~eNWe1(;5c!QvjYDm"(;57eH:eHZLpeTeH1(;5c!Qvj,C!Qvj2$N(;u(;uYDS{2$NmYDI-C/Czg(;*CYDS3fe&S!Qv_DUDk2$NeHc!Qvj2$NMje|e;\D)Uef2$NeH1(;u7yeHZ'S2$N2$N]c!Qvj,CSD!QvjnR(;u(;2$N(;5c!Qvj,CYD+C:eH!Qvt!QvS3feeH&SsZD_D!QvJUDS3fef2$NM^e .CSSeH1(;,C6eH2$N2$Nw&S2$NeH1(;5c!Qvn(;NpeeH:]eH,CYD=fe,C!Qv!Qvj3eHR!Qvj,CYDSwWDu(;/C*C5fef2$N1(;Mde&SS .CS3fef2$NeH2$N\D)~eNWe1(;5c!QvjYDm"(;57eH:eHZLpeTeH1(;5c!Qvj,C!Qvj2$N(;u(;uYDS{2$NmYDI-C/Czg(;*CYDS3fe&S!Qv_DUDk2$NeHc!Qvj2$NMje|e;\D)Uef2$NeH1(;u7yeHZ'S2$N2$N]c!Qvj,CSD!QvjnR(;u(;2$N(;5c!Qvj,CYD+C:eH!Qvt!QvS3feeH&SsZD_D!QvJUDS3fef2$NM^e .CSSeH1(;,C6eH2$N2$Nw&S2$NeH1(;5c!Qvn(;NpeeH:]eH,CYD=fe,C!Qv!Qvj3eHR!Qvj,CYDSwWDu(;/C*C5fef2$N1(;Mde&SS .CS3fef2$NeH2$N\D)~eNWe1(;5c!QvjYDm"(;57eH:eHZLpeTeH1(;5c!Qvj,C!Qvj2$N(;u(;uYDS{2$NmYDI-C/Czg(;*CYDS3fe&S!Qv_DUDk2$NeHc!Qvj2$NMje|e;\D)Uef2$NeH1(;u7yeHZ'S2$N2$N]c!Qvj,CSD!QvjnR(;u(;2$N(;5c!Qvj,CYD+C:eH!Qvt!QvS3feeH&SsZD_D!QvJUDS3fef2$NM^e .CSSeH1(;,C6eH2$N2$Nw&S2$NeH1(;5c!Qvn(;NpeeH:]eH,CYD=fe,C!Qv!Qvj3eHR!Qvj,CYDSwWDu(;/C*C5fef2$N1(;Mde&SS .CS3fef2$NeH2$N\D)~eNWe1(;5c!QvjYDm"(;57eH:eHZLpeTeH1(;5c!Qvj,C!Qvj2$N(;u(;uYDS{2$NmYDI-C/Czg(;*CYDS3fe&S!Qv_DUDk2$NeHc!Qvj2$NMje|e;\D)Uef2$NeH1(;u7yeHZ'S2$N2$N]c!Qvj,CSD!QvjnR(;u(;2$N(;5c!Qvj,CYD+C:eH!Qvt!QvS3feeH&SsZD_D!QvJUDS3fef2$NM^e .CSSeH1(;,C6eH2$N2$Nw&S2$NeH1(;5c!Qvn(;NpeeH:]eH,CYD=fe,C!Qv!Qvj3eHR!Qvj,CYDSwWDu(;/C*C5fef2$N1(;Mde&SS .CS3fe0 D Laryngoscope. At the time the article was last revised Joshua Yap had The purpose of this review is to illustrate important anatomic variants and landmarks on the preoperative sinus CT with a focus on those that predispose patients to surgical complications. the ct also deployed in the surgical system. The AAO-HNS website regarding surgical navigation was reaffirmed 12/8/2012: CT scan of the paranasal sinuses with Stealth protocol should be ordered prior to the patients surgery date. You may lie on your back, or you may lie face-down with your chin raised. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Sinusitis is one of the most common diseases treated by primary care physicians. /X4 Do Siemens Definition AS 20 Protocols. Bone window views provide excellent resolution and a good definition of the complete osteomeatal complex and other anatomic details that play a role in sinusitis.2 The coronal view also correlates best with findings from sinus surgery. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) - SINUSES Computed tomography (CT) of the sinuses uses special x-ray equipment to evaluate the paranasal sinus cavities - hollow, air- filled spaces within the bones of the face surrounding the nasal cavity. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{ Follow-up exams are often the best way to see if treatment is working or if a problem needs attention. `l\/ c+f>@@@@@V &x&p'@@@@@MlP_TEc+ kr>R8 N+[LW{