What about P waves? See Answer. Conclude the activity with a class discussion (and perhaps homework questions) to share ideas and answers, as described in the Assessment section. 0000001861 00000 n Practicing this technique, the students work several problems on a map of the US. ' endstream endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj [85 0 R] endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream 0000001408 00000 n travel 3,000 miles. The arrival of seismic waves will be recognized by an increase in amplitude look for a pattern change as lines get taller and more closely spaced (ex. How does distance from the epicenter affect the S-P time interval? If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. gov For online instructions and current fees click here. travel time for P waves. Y$Kr;V6[;Dq vg~cx:A[^jCssupwD endstream endobj 80 0 obj <> endobj 81 0 obj <>stream 0000002840 00000 n Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations. To make a magnitude determination, two measurements are needed: the S-P interval (already determined earlier in the tutorial) and the maximum amplitude of the seismic waves. minute apart, represent the passage of time (Grades Seismic stations detect earthquakes by the tracings made on seismographs. 1,000 miles from the epicenter of an earthquake? 0000030968 00000 n Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key, locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet pdf, chapter 7 lab 1 locating epicenters answer key, how many seismographs are needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake. The western U.S. has more faults than the eastern U.S., and therefore the western U.S. has more earthquakes. I contacted the persons listed below to find out the location of the following people entitled to notice Name of Person Measure the difference in arrival times between the first shear (s) wave and the first compressional (p) wave, which can be interpreted from the seismogram. Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video shake, shake, shake. (, Have any of you ever experienced an earthquake or know anyone who has? The nations most famous fault is the San Andreas Fault, which runs along a north-south trend in southern California, and happens to run directly through Los Angeles. 0000078100 00000 n Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake In this lab exercise, you will locate the epicenter of an earthquake. The seismometers are shown as green dots. "`B(R6sj [CX7p+s =#;~ `'kA Thus technology use varies from region to region and over time. =Cv :~4yrXP 62{_,*Uq/O-oUNBr-$y~:G},#3e^CS6U*_zVGY7ZNUWk2f?? {%!,"{u5E&OOqA_"/uxn-kx+Vz*EQb)Q Direct student pairs to independently complete the tutorial/simulation to find an epicenter location via the triangulation method and compute the earthquake magnitude: The simulation directs students to look at three simplified seismograms from seismic stations in Chile (Talca, Santiago, Osorno) and select the correct measurements of the S-P intervals. Graphs, charts, and images can be used to identify patterns in data. The instrument detects and documents the intensity, direction and duration of ground vibrations, which are used to determine the epicenters and strength/magnitudes of earthquakes or other seismic events. After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, Then from the same recordings they determine the earthquake's magnitude, an estimate of the amount of energy released during the earthquake. E}g7$i(=K)"aj%v]vPcYloi@X3noGX{[XucOgkdF.>Ym^fwrQf;8_Nok3w\;?n_Hhc?>k\o[%DgwJ'3d.lTqDy_aJw! Mr Gneiss. Many updates and improvements! H\0y epicenter: A point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the place where the underground forces of an earthquake originate. 2. Tips: Make sure students are reading the S waves and not the P waves. Three seismographs are needed. Scientists and engineers around the globe gather data through observation and experimentation and use it to describe and understand how the world works. cCV&0Lw1~c\4QA!{q: N3\`Lccgb,x/if`WH3(\'q)Da'@ | endstream endobj 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[57 4]/Length 20/Size 61/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream To complete the activity, some prior . Legal. P wave: The first seismic wave of an earthquake. We additionally manage to pay for . The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). Subject Areas: In a concluding class discussion, have groups share their ideas about engineering and one new thing they learned about earthquakes. Finally, the location of the 3 seismographs are placed on a map and the distance to the epicenter is used to draw a circle with an origin at each seismograph and a radius equal to the distance to the epicenter as taken from each seismogram. Focus (aka Hypocenter) is the location in the Earth where the earthquake starts. View Notes - Locating_an_epicenter_activity from SCIENCE Earth Scie at Toms River High North. 9 - Do limits exist on what science can predict? approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. hbbd``b`$C`q9 X_$_g`bdxc`X A single recording station can only calculate distance, but not direction; to cover all possibilities, a complete circle is drawn around that station. As you may know, people have look numerous times for . The longer the time is between the P-and S-wave . Richter scale Method of earthquake measurement based on the amplitude of seismic . MS-ESS3-2. 0000079769 00000 n Based on your answers to the previous question, what is the lag time for locations that are %%EOF The longer the time between the arrival of the P-wave and S-wave, the farther away is the epicenter. The distance is in kilometers. Student exploration Graphing Skills SE Key Gizmos Explore Learning. Short for "primary wave" or "pressure wave." 3. epicenter - the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake. Triangulation is required to determine exactly where it happened. Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. It is slower than the same earthquake's P wave and cannot travel through liquids. [*aiLG?+J\QI86~}ooRrr!pm}dk@dBbZPMZlC4C\9^ SM.R\!H+$|+DUzt^w{" %&{KXjT'9yzT^UFe:+f(`PU_9%EW@\)?i qp!\G Z endstream endobj 75 0 obj <>stream Using online resources and simulations available through the Earthquakes Living Lab, students explore the consequences of subsurface ground type and building height on seismic d Seismographs are measuring devices designed by engineers and used by researchers to determine the locations and magnitudes of earthquakes. The period of a wave is the time between two adjacent wave peaks. 0000001675 00000 n 0000001893 00000 n %PDF-1.4 % Show students some of the numerous online animations comparing the movements of P and S waves. The USGS and its partners monitor and report earthquakes, assess earthquake impacts and hazards, and . minutes? Send activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers via email, link, or fax. How does the Mad Scientist. Key Facts & Information. A minimum of three seismic stations is necessary to locate an epicenter. Civil engineers, who design houses, apartment buildings, schools, skyscrapers, bridges, highways, tunnels, water treatment facilities, factories and other structures, may use this data to help them create safer structures that are less likely to sustain damage during earthquakes. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. 0000007783 00000 n %PDF-1.3 % Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach the, seismic station first. Make changes to the sample. The epicenter is the point directly above it at the surface of the Earth. Through the online Earthquakes Living Lab, student pairs explore various types of seismic waves and the differences between shear waves and compressional waves. Accessed December 11, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale, Novak, Gary. Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. (Listen to student ideas.) Richter magnitude scale: An earthquake measurement scale created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. The USGS now uses the MMS to estimate magnitudes for all modern large earthquakes. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographs from at least three different places are needed for a particular event. There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. %PDF-1.5 % P and Swaves are body waves and travelthrough the interior of the earth. (i. The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. Click for facts and worksheets in PDF! The process is called triangulation. Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab - Triangulation sheet for students and/or teachers to use (Slide 6), and answer key (Slide 7). The point where your ruler crosses the middle line on the chart marks the magnitude (strength) of the earthquake. The travel-time graph This investigation is considered generally safe to do with students. Continue the discussion with the following questions (or assign these questions as homework): Have student groups explore one or more of the other two regions (Southern California and Japan) provided in the Virtual Earthquake simulation. Epicenter is the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake starts. 01. Section A - Operator Information 1. Activity4:LocatinganEarthquakeEpicenter Objectives:Ifyoucompletealltheproblems,youshouldbeableto: Identif located 1,000 miles from the 0000002094 00000 n Sign, fax and printable from PC, iPad, tablet or mobile with pdfFiller Note-taking Worksheet. 0000001604 00000 n 0000008845 00000 n 0000103591 00000 n (Grades Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. Nov 2, 2020 Triangulation is used to determine the location of an earthquake. waves from a distant earthquake. *The NGSS logo is a registered trademark of WestEd. Thanks for your feedback! How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and the last measurable You can also download it, export it or print it out. Thus, the Richter scale is used for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less), while the moment magnitude scale is used for measuring stronger earthquakes (3.5 M or higher). atrial depolarization. When the tension becomes too great, the fault slips, causing an earthquake. lag time. In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g., by state; within source by type; e.g., science or mathematics; 0000010002 00000 n Make arrangements so that each student group has a computer with Internet access. : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and. Apr 8, 2020 One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. 0000004511 00000 n A. Seismic waves-waves generated by an earthquake, can move the ground forward and back- answers the question. The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. Travel-time graphDistance in Miles, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, seismogram. Was there an initial quake followed by smaller quakes? In this investigation, participants will understand that S and P waves are used to find the epicenter of an earthquake by using seismograph data to triangulate an epicenter. Use Figure 5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4 to determine . Make an overhead copy of each of the handouts. 1. 5. focus - the point within Earth where an earthquake originates. Entering the three maximum amplitudes generates a nomogram, a graphical device that simplifies the process of estimating magnitude from distance (determined earlier in the tutorial from the S-P interval process) and amplitude. trailer <<0444DE89825047A1A483C62E98F50868>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 114 0 obj <>stream DocHub v5.1.1 Released! Note the differences in Describe the logarithmic nature of the earthquake magnitude scale. A circle with a radius of the distance to the quake can be drawn. The real-world earthquake data is viewable via a graphical interface using a scaling map. HTn {0,`K6}(J6]&Q^"!q57y_VQ9fp3/?Mc=KGsrrt:c\$Lh`4}>C>`qcSj0[YpZ_Su(322/N Z./$E )H %C[5ph[BUyGh7|!XPQiDjJ(|BNvylk+g;9G(#Aby>Jcf`XmnwtDD+;Z^I&Sb-4!7oi` L7 endstream endobj 78 0 obj <> endobj 79 0 obj <>stream Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. All the arcs should intersect at a common point - the epicenter. Material is sheared side to side, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. (Figure 3):. Cross), Give Me Liberty! by. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave. Book: Laboratory Manual for Introductory Geology (Deline, Harris & Tefend), { "13.01:_Introduction" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.02:_The_Epicenter,_Focus,_and_Waves" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.03:_Seismology" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.04:_Locating_an_Earthquake_Epicenter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.05:_Lab_Exercise_(Part_A)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.06:_Hazards_from_Earthquakes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.07:_Lab_Exercise_(Part_B)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.08:_Induced_Seismicity" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.09:_Lab_Exercise_(Part_C)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.10:_Student_Responses" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01:_Introduction_to_Physical_Geology" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_Earth\'s_Interior" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Topographic_Maps" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_Plate_Tectonics" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_Water" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Climate_Change" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_Matter_and_Minerals" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_Igneous_Rocks" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "09:_Volcanoes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "10:_Sedimentary_Rocks" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11:_Metamorphic_Rocks" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "12:_Crustal_Deformation" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13:_Earthquakes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "14:_Physiographic_Provinces" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbysa", "authorname:delineharristefend", "program:galileo" ], https://geo.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fgeo.libretexts.org%2FLearning_Objects%2FLaboratory%2FBook%253A_Laboratory_Manual_For_Introductory_Geology_(Deline_Harris_and_Tefend)%2F13%253A_Earthquakes%2F13.04%253A_Locating_an_Earthquake_Epicenter, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Geology Labs On-Line, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA. Locating an Epicenter through Triangulation of Seismic Data- Remote/Hybrid/Live. Dochub is the best editor for changing your documents online. 3000 miles. Another method of locating an earthquake is to use the P-wave arrival-time minus origin-time (P - O) interval instead of distance. The American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people. Tracings made at three separate seismic stations are needed to locate an earthquake epicenter. epicenter of an earthquake, how earthquake lab lab: locating the epicenters of earthquakes objective measurable learning outcomes use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Southern New Hampshire University So next, students compute the magnitude of this same earthquake by looking at the three simplified seismograms again, but this time selecting each's maximum S wave amplitude (height). Millions of people witnessed the motion of the earthquake on television. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, how would it compare Epicenter. question 1 of 3. Great exercise for Regents Earth Science. Engineers first determine where earthquakes are likely to occur, and how severe they are likely to be. The magnitude determination is based on seismic data. Shear wave from earthquake, moving slower than primary waves, through solid material only. Encourage them to explore all of the Earthquakes Living Lab as they complete the worksheet.
Catholic Central High School Teachers, Articles A